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     閫欑ó涓嶇浉瀹规€у晱椤岀殑鏍规湰鍘熷洜寰堢啊鍠€傚湪绔剁埈鐨勯灜绛栦笅锛屾瘡涓€鍊嬭硣鏈墍鏈夎€呯附鏄皨姹傜敤姝诲嫗鍕曪紙鍗崇墿鍖栧嫗鍕?/span>---璀敞锛変唬鏇挎椿鍕炲嫊锛屼篃鍗崇敤鏇存湁鏁堢巼鐨勬鍣ㄥ彇浠ｅ伐浜猴紝鍥犵偤鍓嶈€呴櫎浜嗗钩鍧囧埄娼や互澶栵紝閭勭敘鐢熻秴椤嶅埄娼ゃ€備笉鐢ㄨ锛屽鏋滀笉鏄瑭﹀湒閫氶亷澧炲姞甯傚牬涓婂児鏍间綆寤夌殑鍟嗗搧閲忥紝浠ヤ究娑堥櫎鍏惰純寮辩殑绔剁埈鑰咃紝閫欏€嬪仛娉曞皪璩囨湰瀹舵槸姣劇鎰忕京鐨勩€傛寜鐓ч€欑ó鐢熺敘妯″紡锛屽壍鏂颁笉鍦ㄦ柤鍕炲嫊閲忕殑娓涘皯锛岃€屽湪鏂艰硣鏈案鐒℃澧冪殑绌嶇疮銆?/span>

     鍥犳锛岃硣鏈涓嶆柗鍦板皨鎵炬柊鐨勯檮鍔犲€奸牁鍩燂紝灏庤嚧浠栫敓鐢㈢劇闄愰噺鐨勭劇鐢ㄦ湁瀹崇殑鍟嗗搧锛屼互鐛插緱鍓╅鍍瑰€硷紝鑰屼笖蹇呴爤涓嶆柗鍦拌＝閫犲嚭瓒婁締瓒婂鐨勪汉鐐哄競鍫村拰闇€姹傘€傗€滅敓鐢富缇┾€?/span> 鈥?/span> 鐐虹敓鐢㈣€岀敓鐢?/span> 鈥?/span> 蹇呯劧鎰忓懗钁椻€滅偤娑堣不鑰屾秷璨烩€濓紝瀹冨氨鍍忓晢鍝佹嫓鐗╂暀涓€妯ｏ紝鏄€欑ó鐢熺敘鏂瑰紡鐨勯伜鍌冲ぉ鎬х殑涓€閮ㄥ垎銆傜唺褰肩壒瑾紝璩囨湰涓荤京鈥滀笉鍍呭緸渚嗕笉鏄紝涔熸焙涓嶅彲鑳芥槸闈滄鐨勩€傗€?/span>[2] 浜嬪涓婏紝濡傛灉璩囨湰涓荤京闈滄涓嬩締锛屽畠鍕㈠繀鏈冨彇娑堟鎴愨€樿硣鏈€欑殑鐪惧璩囨湰涔嬮枔鐨勭鐖紝閫欓’鐒舵槸鑽掕鐨勩€?/span>

     浣嗘槸锛屾湁浜哄彲鑳芥渻鍙嶅皪瑾紝濡傛灉璩囨簮鐨勫埄鐢ㄦ晥鐜囨瘮鎵€鐢熺敘鐨勫ぇ閲忓晢鍝侊紝澧炲姞寰楁洿杩呴€燂紝閭ｉ杭璩囨湰鐨勬摯澶у啀鐢熺敘灏囦笉鏈冧即闅ㄨ憲鑷劧璩囨簮鏋绋嬪害鐨勫鍔犮€傜劧寰岋紝璩囨湰涓荤京灏囧彲浠ュ湪鐢熸厠涓婂彲鎸佺簩鍦扮櫦灞曘€傚闅涗笂锛岄€欏€嬭珫榛炶畵GDP鐨勫闀峰悓鐢熸厠瓒宠贰锛?/span>ecological footprint锛夎劔閴ゃ€傞€欏氨鏄墍璎傜殑搴尣娑呰尐閻樺舰鏇茬窔锛屾牴鎿氳┎鏇茬窔锛屼竴鍊嬬壒瀹氱ぞ鏈冪殑鐠板褰遍熆锛屾渻澧炲姞鍒颁竴鍊嬮珮宄帮紝鐒跺緦闅ㄥ叾璨″瘜鐨勫鍔犺€屼笅闄嶏紝寰炶€屼篃闅ㄥ叾鐢熺敘鍔涚殑鐧煎睍鑰屼笅闄嶃€?/span>

     瑾犵劧锛屽湪姝峰彶涓婂嚭鐝鹃亷鐨勬墍鏈夌敓鐢㈡ā寮忎腑锛岃硣鏈富缇╂渶椤憲鍦板鍔犱簡鍕炲嫊鐢熺敘鍔涳紝寰炶€屽鍔犱簡璩囨簮鐨勫埄鐢ㄧ巼銆傞€欐槸鍥犵偤灏嶅墿椁樺埄娼ょ殑杩芥眰锛屼績閫叉姊板寲锛屽悓鏅傛湁鍒╂柤绡€绱勮嚜鐒惰硣婧愩€備絾鏄紝閫欑ó瑙€瀵熶甫娌掓湁璩枒瑭插埗搴﹁垏鐢熸厠婊呯禃鏈夐棞鐨勬€ц唱锛岄倓鏈夛紝搴尣娑呰尐鏇茬窔鏄尟瑾ょ殑銆備竴鏂归潰锛屾晥鐜囩殑鎻愰珮蹇呴爤鏄几杩戠殑锛屼甫涓嶆槸鍥哄畾璩囨湰澧炲姞鐨勪竴鍊嬬窔鎬у嚱鏁?/span> --- 鍚﹀墖鏈変汉鏈冨緱鍑虹祼璜栵紝瑾案鎭嗙殑閬嬪嫊鏄彲鑳界殑锛屽洜鐐哄鏋滃仛鍒版サ鑷达紝鍙互鍦ㄤ笉鎼嶅け鑳芥簮鐨勬儏娉佷笅浣跨敤鍕炲嫊鍔涖€傦紙閫犳垚閫欐槑椤尟瑾ょ殑灏堝鍊戣獚鐐烘瓙娲查浕鍔涙秷璨荤殑浠介鍙互琚拻鍝堟媺澶ф矙婕犵殑澶櫧鑳界櫦闆婚爡鐩彲浠ヨ钃嬶級[3]銆?/span>

     鍙︿竴鏂归潰锛岀稉椹楄瀵熻〃鏄庯紝澧炲姞鐢熺敘閲忓ぇ澶ф姷娑堜簡鏁堢巼鐨勬彁楂橈紝鍥犵偤鏁堢巼鍙槸鐩稿皪鐨勩€備竴鍊嬬獊鍑虹殑渚嬪瓙鏄苯杌婏細鐧煎嫊姗熺殑鏁堢巼澧炲姞浜嗭紝浣嗚粖杓涙暩鐩劇姝㈠澧炲姞鐨勭祼鏋滐紝浣垮緱鍏ㄧ悆鎬х⒊姘噧鏂欑殑闇€姹傚拰婧姘ｉ珨鎺掓斁鐖嗘疾銆傜櫋杩蜂簬澧為暦鐨勮硣鏈富缇╁繀鐒舵剰鍛宠憲瓒婁締瓒婂鐨勮硣婧愭秷鑰楋紝閫欒垏璩囨簮鐨勬湁闄愭€у強鍏跺啀鐢熺巼鍕笉鍏╃珛銆?/span>

     鍤撮噸鐢熸厠鍟忛鐨勯浜哄鍔狅紝浣垮緱璩囨湰涓荤京澧為暦鍙婂叾甯朵締鐨勮硣鏈富缇╂€ц唱鐨勭挵澧冮€€鍖栫殑鐞嗚珫妤甸檺鍟忛锛屾诞涓婁簡妾潰銆傝鍥炵瓟閫欏€嬪晱椤岋紝鎴戝€戝繀闋堟竻閱掑湴鎶婅獚璀樺埌锛岃硣鏈笉鏄竴鍊嬫澅瑗匡紝瀹冩槸涓€绋墲鍓婄殑绀炬渻闂滀總锛屽畠鐨勭櫦灞曪紝鏄洜鐐虹当娌婚殠绱氫互鍒╂饯鐨勫悕缇╋紝鍎厛浣旂敤鑷劧璩囨簮锛堝湡鍦般€佹按銆佹．鏋楃瓑锛夛紝鎵嶆湁姝峰彶鎬х殑鍙兘銆傞€欏€嬭硣婧愮殑浣旂敤鐒跺緦娑夊強鍒板嫗鍕曞姏锛屾妸瀹冭綁鍖栫偤甯舵湁宸ヨ硣鐨勫晢鍝併€傛帬濂硣婧愬拰鍓濆墛鍕炲伐 鈥?/span> 寰炵ぞ鏈冭搴︿締鐪嬭€冩叜瀹冩檪 鈥?/span> 鍥犳鏄悓涓€鍊嬬‖骞ｇ殑鍏╅潰銆?/span>

     涓嶉亷锛屾拠闁嬪畠鐨勭ぞ鏈冪祫鎴愰儴鍒嗭紙鍚堜綔鍏徃鍙婂叾褰㈠紡锛夛紝涔熷彲浠ュ緸鐔卞姏瀛歌搴︾湅浜洪鐨勫嫗鍕曞姏锛屾妸瀹冪湅浣滃叾浠栬嚜鐒惰硣婧愶紙浜洪珨鏄竴鍊嬭兘閲忚綁鎻涘櫒锛変箣涓€銆傚湪閫欑ó鎯呮硜涓嬶紝浜嬪涓婏紝鎺犲オ鍜屽墲鍓婂彧鏄悓涓€鍊嬫瘈婊呴亷绋嬶紝鍓╅鍕炲嫊鍔涘彲浠ヨ鎻忚堪鐐虹敱闆囦富澹熸柗鐨勪竴鍊嬭兘閲忋€?/span>

     涓€鏃﹁獚璀樺埌閫欎竴榛烇紝灏卞彲鑳藉洖绛旈棞鏂艰硣鏈殑鐞嗚珫妤甸檺鐨勫晱椤屻€備竴鏂归潰锛屽墲濂洿鎺ョ敓鐢㈣€咃紝浣夸粬鍊戦洟闁嬭炒浠ョ敓椁婄殑鍦熷湴锛岃＝閫犱簡涓€鍊嬬ぞ鏈冮殠灞わ紝閫欏€嬮殠灞や汉鍊戠殑鍞竴鐨勭敓瀛樻墜娈靛氨鏄嚭璩ｅ嫗鍕曞姏鎻涘彇宸ヨ硣銆?/span>

     鍙︿竴鏂归潰锛岄泧宸ユ壘鍒扮従鎴愮殑锛岀敱闆囦富绲︿粬鎴栧ス鐨勫畨鎺掞紝绲︿粬鎴栧ス鎻愪緵鍏剁敓鐢㈡椿鍕曠殑蹇呰鎴愬垎 鈥?宸ュ叿锛屽粻鎴垮拰鑳芥簮 鈥? 閫欎簺鐩存帴鎴栭枔鎺ラ€氶亷鍕炲嫊琛嶇敓鐨勬垨杞夊寲鐨勮嚜鐒惰硣婧愩€?/span>

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涓€鍊嬫斂娌荤殑绛旀锛?/span>

     鐣剁劧涔熸湁涓€浜涜硣鏈ぇ閲忔姇璩囧湪缍犺壊缍撴繜閮ㄩ杸锛岄偅鏄洜鐐哄埄娼ょ殑鍚稿紩鍔涳紝灏ゅ叾鏄叕鍏辫璨肩殑鍚稿紩鍔涖€備絾閫欐ǎ鐨勨€滅稜鑹茶硣鏈富缇┾€濇槸涓€鍊嬬煕鐩捐娉曘€傚敮涓€鏈夋剰缇╃殑鍟忛鏄紝鍤存牸缍撴繜闋樺煙浠ュ鐨勬斂绛栨帾鏂斤紝鏈冩妸鍟嗗搧鐢熺敘妯″紡涓殑鐢熸厠鎰氭槯锛屽彲鑳芥姷娑堝埌浣曠ó绋嬪害銆傞憭鏂煎墰鎵嶈鐨勶紝绛旀椤€屾槗瑕嬶細鐢熸厠鏀跨瓥鐨勬晥鐜囷紝瀹屽叏鍙栨焙鏂兼焙蹇冿紝鏈変簡姹哄績锛岄偅浜涗富寮靛畠鍊戠殑浜哄氨鏁㈡柤鎸戞埌璩囨湰鐨勮嚜鐢憋紝涓﹀缓绔嬪繀瑕佺殑鍔涢噺鍩疯瀹冨€戯紙鍙嶉亷渚嗭紝瀹冨€戝張瑕佹妸鐢熸厠鍟忛鐨勮В姹烘柟妗堝悓琚墲鍓婅€呯殑楝ョ埈鐩搁€ｆ帴锛氬弽灏嶅け妤紝璨у洶锛岀ぞ鏈冧笉骞崇瓑锛屾瑕栧拰宸ヤ綔姊濅欢鎯″寲鐨勯鐖級銆?/span>

     閫欏氨鏄晱椤岀殑鐧ョ祼鎵€鍦ㄣ€備緥濡傦紝钂傚路鍌戝厠閬滐紝鍙兘鏄渶鐬В璩囨湰涓荤京鐨勭敓鐢富缇╅倧杓槸鐠板閫€鍖栫殑鏍规湰鍘熷洜鐨勯潪棣厠鎬濅富缇╀綔瀹朵箣涓€銆傚湪鈥樼劇澧為暦鐨勭箒姒€欎腑锛屼粬鎷掔禃鑶氭泛鐨勮В閲嬶紝鏁忛姵鍦板閬擄細鈥滅敤瀹屽嵆涓熺殑娴不绀炬渻浣滅偤涓€鍊嬬敓瀛樼殑绲愭鎬у墠鎻愶紝涓︿笉瀹屽叏鏄秷璨昏€呰勃濠殑寰屾灉鈥濓紝鍥犵偤瑭插埗搴﹂渶瑕佲€滆常鍑烘洿澶氱殑鍟嗗搧锛屼笉鏂峰湴缈绘柊鑺辨ǎ銆傗€?/span>[5]銆€浣嗗倯鍏嬮仠鍥為伩浜嗙敱浠栬嚜宸辩殑鍒嗘瀽鑰屾帹鍑虹殑绲愯珫锛氫粬涓嶆槸鍘昏唱鐤戠敓鐢㈡柟寮忥紝杞夎€岃唱鐤戜竴鍊嬧€滆拷姹傛柊绌庢€у拰娑堣不鐨勬鏈涒€濓紝浠栬獚鐐洪偅鏄汉鎬х殑涓€閮ㄥ垎銆傜祼鏋滄槸闆疯伈澶ч洦榛炲皬锛?/span>

 [缈昏]

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     涓€鑸締瑾紝鎵€鏈夊偩鍚戞柤灏嶈硣鏈殑鐢熸厠鑷鎬ц唱浣滄斂娌昏鏁戠殑寤鸿锛岄兘绻為亷浜嗗悓妯ｇ殑闅滅锛氶噾铻嶆妲嬬殑鍒╂饯閭忚集鍜岄殠绱氭€ц唱銆?/span>[7]

鍏ч儴鍖栫殑骞诲奖

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     浜嬪涓婏紝鍦ㄧ郸瀹氱殑绶婅揩鎬т笅锛屽湪鍖栫煶鍜屽彲鍐嶇敓鑳芥簮涔嬮枔鐨勬垚鏈樊鐣扮殑绲﹀畾绡勫湇涓嬶紝瑕侀仈鍒扮殑鍓婃笡绡勫湇锛屾槸閫欐ǎ鐨勶紝鍗充娇姣忓櫢600缇庡厓鐨勭▍鏀朵篃涓嶈冻澶狅紙鏍规摎鍦嬮殯鑳芥簮姗熸鐨勮娉曪紝鍒?/span>2050骞达紝瀹冨彧鏈冨湪鍏ㄧ悆娓涘皯涓€鍗婄殑鎺掓斁閲忥級[9]銆傜敱鏂间竴鍗冨叕鍗囩噧娌圭殑鐕冪噿鐢㈢敓2.7鍣镐簩姘у寲纰筹紝鍙互鐭ラ亾鐨勬槸锛岄€欐ǎ鐨勬帾鏂藉湪鐝惧绀炬渻涓皣涓嶉仼鐢細闆囦富鍙互鎺ュ彈閫欏€嬬殑鍞竴姊濅欢鏄紝濡傛灉瀹冭兘瀹屽叏杞夌Щ绲︽渶绲傛秷璨昏€咃紝鑰屽ぇ澶氭暩浜哄彛锛岃宸茬洓琛屼簡30骞寸殑绶婄府鐙€鎱嬫墍婵€鎬掞紝椤劧鏈冨弽灏嶄换浣曚娇鍏剁敓瀛樻浠舵儭鍖栫殑鍋氭硶銆?/span>

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     鑷緸閫欏€嬬敓鐢㈡柟寮忛枊濮嬩互渚嗭紝璩囨湰鐨勭敓鎱嬭嚜娈烘€ц唱宸茬稉鎴愪簡鐝惧銆傚湪19涓栫磤锛屽湡澹ゅ寲瀛哥殑鍓靛浜烘潕姣斿笇锛?/span>Liebig锛夊凡缍撴暡闊胯閻橈細浣滅偤璩囨湰涓荤京鍩庡競鍖栫殑绲愭灉锛屼汉椤炴帓娉勭墿涓嶅啀杩斿洖鍒板湡鍦帮紝閫欑牬澹炰簡鐕熼杩村湀閺堬紝濞佽剠涓﹂€犳垚鍤撮噸鐨勫湡澹よ钵鍥板寲銆傞Μ鍏嬫€濆湪浠栫殑宸ヤ綔閬庣▼涓紝寤虹珛浜嗘蹇靛钩闈紙conceptual plane锛夌殑瑙€榛烇紝鎻愬嚭浜嗏€滅敤鐞嗘€х殑鏂瑰紡渚嗘不鐞嗚嚜鐒惰垏浜洪珨鐨勬柊闄充唬璎濃€濈殑涓€鑸渶瑕?/span>[10]銆?/span> 鐒跺緦锛岄亱鐢ㄩ€欎竴鐢熸厠姒傚康锛堢敓鎱嬮€欏€嬭瑾炲嚭鐝句互鍓嶏級锛屼粬鍥炲埌鍦熷￥鐨勫晱椤岋紝鎺ㄥ嚭涓€鍊嬪竟搴曠殑缍遍牁鎬ц榛烇細娑堥櫎鍩庨剦涔嬮枔鐨勫垎闆紝閫欏皪鍏堕棞鏂奸€愭几娑堥櫎楂斿姏鍕炲嫊鍜岃叇鍔涘嫗鍕曠殑宸垾鐨勮榛烇紝鏄繀瑕佺殑瑁滃厖銆?/span>

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     闆栫劧鍒楀鍦ㄦ彁鍒板湡鍦板晱椤屾檪锛屽湪鏌愪簺鍦版柟鎻愬埌浜嗗畠[11]锛屽竷鍝堟灄鍦ㄤ粬鐨勫敮鐗╁彶瑙€鎵嬪唺涓皪瀹冧綔浜嗘櫤璀樻€ф紨绀?/span>[12]锛屽悎鐞嗚鎺х墿璩囦氦娴佺殑棣厠鎬濅富缇╄蹇甸毃寰屽氨閬哄繕娌夋矑浜嗐€?/span>

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     鍏ㄧ悆姘ｅ€欒畩鏆栫殑鍟忛锛岄’绀轰簡閫欏€嬮渶瑕併€傚ぇ姘ｄ腑浜屾哀鍖栫⒊鐨勯＝鍜岋紝涓昏鏄敱鏂煎寲鐭崇噧鏂欑殑鐕冪噿 鈥?/span> 涔熷嵆涓€鍊嬮暦閫辨湡鐨勭⒊杩村湀涓殑涓€鍊嬬煭璺?/span> 鈥?/span> 鏄竴鍊嬩笉鍚堢悊绠＄悊鐗╄硣浜ゆ祦鐨勬儭鍔ｄ緥瀛愶紝閫欑ó闈炵悊鎬т娇浜洪闈㈣嚚涓€鍊嬪彲鎬曠殑鍏╅洠澧冨湴锛?/span>

涓€鏂归潰锛?/span>30鍎勪汉鐢熸椿鍦ㄤ笉楂旈潰鐨勬浠朵腑銆備粬鍊戠殑姝ｇ暥闇€姹傦紝鍙兘閫氶亷鐗╄唱鐢熺敘鐨勬棩鐩婂闀蜂締婊胯冻锛屽洜鑰岃铏曠悊寰炶嚜鐒剁挵澧冧腑闁嬫帯鍑轰締鐨勮硣婧愩€傞€欐剰鍛宠憲鑳芥簮鐨勬秷鑰楋紝鍏朵腑80锛呮槸浠婃棩鐨勫寲鐭宠兘婧愶紝鏄韩瀹ゆ埃楂旂殑渚嗘簮锛?/span>

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     渚嬪锛屽湅闅涜兘婧愮讲鐨勮棈鑹插湴鍦栵紙The Blue Map锛夋柟妗堬紝鐩殑鏄埌2050骞存笡灏戝叏鐞冩帓鏀鹃噺鐨?/span>50锛呫€?/span>[16] 鏇村彲鑳界殑鏄紝閫欏€嬬洰妯欐槸涓嶈冻鐨勶紱鍦ㄤ换浣曟儏娉佷笅锛屽畠鐨勫鐝撅紝鍙湁閫氶亷澶ц妯＄殑鏍歌兘锛岃静妤噧鏂欏拰鎵€璎傜殑鈥滄竻娼旂叅鈥濓紙鏇翠笉鐢ㄦ彁钁夊博姘ｅ拰娌圭爞锛夌殑浣跨敤鎵嶈兘鍋氬埌銆傝棈鍦板湒娑夊強鍒版瘡骞寸殑寤鸿ō锛屽湪40澶氬勾鐨勬檪闁撹！锛屽缓瑷?/span>32鍊?/span>1000鍏嗙摝鐨勬牳闆诲粻锛屼互鍙?/span>45鍊?/span>500鍏嗙摝瀹归噺鐨勬柊鐨勨€滀咕娣ㄢ€濈噧鐓ら浕寤犮€傛矑鏈夋洿閫蹭竴姝ョ殑瑙€榛烇細鏃ユ湰绂忓扯鐨勫彲鎬曠伣闆ｏ紝瓒充互椤ず閫欎簺灏堟涓殑鐣歌畩銆?/span>

     鍥犳鎴扮暐鐨勯伕鎿囧涓嬶細

鎴戝€戣楹奸洟闁嬭硣鏈富缇╋紝寰炴牴鏈笂闄愬埗璩囨湰涓荤京鐢熺敘鍜岄亱杓哥殑闋樺煙鍜岃妯★紝涓︽湁鍙兘闄愬埗鍏ㄧ悆璁婃殩鐨勬悕瀹崇殑鏈€澶у€硷紝鍚屾檪鍙緷闈犲彲鍐嶇敓鑳芥簮锛岀珛瓒虫柤涓€浜涚暥浠ｅ叾瀹冪稉婵燂紝鍦ㄩ€欏€嬬ぞ鏈冭瑙掑収锛屼繚璀変竴鍊嬮珮鍝佽唱鐨勪汉椤炵櫦灞曪紱

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     鍥犳锛岀埈鍙栨渶浣冲彲鑳界殑姘ｅ€欑┅瀹氱媭鎱嬬殑楝ョ埈涓嶈兘闄愬埗鏂煎墲濂€樺墲濂€?/span>-姹℃煋鑰?/span>-娴不鑰呪€欍€傝病鐢㈤棞淇傜殑璁婂寲锛屽彧鏄ぞ鏈冩秷璨诲拰鍟嗗搧娴佸嫊妯″紡鐨勯噸澶ц畩鏇寸殑鑷虫繁绀炬渻璁婂寲鐨勫繀瑕?/span> 鈥?/span> 浣嗕笉鏄厖鍒嗙殑 鈥?/span> 姊濅欢銆傞€欎簺淇敼 鈥?/span> 渚嬪鍙﹂鏂瑰紡鐨勬梾琛岋紝灏戝悆鑲夐锛屾秷璨绘檪浠よ敩鑿滐紝鈥?/span> 蹇呴爤浠ョ従鍦ㄧ殑瑙掑害渚嗙湅锛屽洜鐐哄畠鍊戞槸杩垏闇€瑕佺殑锛岃€屼笖瀹冨€戞湁鐩存帴鐨勫奖闊裤€傞€欐槸鍙兘鐨勶紝鍥犵偤瀹冨€戞噳鐢ㄧ殑鏂囧寲鎬濇兂姗熷埗锛屽湪闂滀總鍒扮ぞ鏈冪殑鐢熺敘鍩虹鏂归潰锛屾湁涓€瀹氱殑鑷富鎬с€傞洊鐒跺畠鍊戞湰韬笉娑夊強浠讳綍绲愭涓婄殑璁婂寲锛屼絾瀹冨€戝繀闋堣瑾嶇偤鏄硣鏈富缇╂浛浠ｆ柟妗堢殑绲勬垚閮ㄥ垎銆傚湪瀹冨€戞渻灏庤嚧闆嗛珨琛岀偤鐨勬剰缇╀笂锛屽畠鍊戝彲浠?#35500;鏄庢彁楂樿鎮熷拰绲勭箶銆?/span>

涓€鍊嬫柊鐨勬檪鏈?/span>

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     鐗╄唱鐢熺敘鍔涚殑鐧煎睍锛屽瑙€涓婂凡缍撻枊濮嬭畵鎴戝€戦€蹭竴姝ラ洟闁嬬ぞ鏈冧富缇╂浛浠ｆ柟妗堬紝閫欏€嬩簨瀵︽槸浣跨敓鎱嬬ぞ鏈冧富缇╂柊姒傚康寰椾互寤虹珛涓︿笖鍚堢悊鍖栫殑涓昏浜嬪銆傞仩闈炲彧鏄摱涓婄殑涓€鍊嬫柊妯欑堡锛岄€欏€嬫蹇佃嚦灏戝紩鍏ヤ簡5鍊嬫柊鐨勬柟闈紝 閫欏湪鎴戠殑鏇糕€滀笉鍙兘鐨勭稜鑹茶硣鏈富缇╋紙L'impossible capitalisme vert锛夆€濅腑鏈夋杩帮紝鎴戝湪閫欒！鍋氱啊瑕佺殑鍥為¨锛?/span>[20]

1. 蹇呴爤鏀炬鈥滀汉椤炴帉鎻¤嚜鐒垛€濈殑姒傚康銆傜敓鐗╁湀鐨勬湭鐭ヨ€呭拰婕斿寲鎬ц唱鐨勮闆滄€э紝娑夊強涓€鍊嬩笉鍙啊鍖栫殑涓嶇⒑瀹氭€с€傜郴绲辨€х殑绀炬渻鍜岀挵澧冪殑鐩镐簰闂滀總蹇呴爤琚湅浣滀竴鍊嬩笉鏂烽亱鍕曠殑閬庣▼锛岀湅浣滃ぇ鑷劧鐨勪竴鍊嬬敓鐢€?/span>

2. 蹇呴爤瀹屾垚绀炬渻涓荤京鐨勭稉鍏稿畾缇┿€傜従鍦ㄥ敮涓€鍙兘鐨勭ぞ鏈冧富缇╋紝蹇呴爤绗﹀悎瀵﹂殯鐨勪汉椤為渶姹傦紙寰炲晢鍝佺殑鐣板寲涓В鏀惧嚭渚嗭級锛岀敱鏈夐棞鍚勬柟鏈韩鍦ㄨ硣婧愰檺鍒剁殑绡勫湇鍏э紝閫氶亷浠旂窗璩枒閫欎簺闇€姹傚皪鐠板鐨勫奖闊匡紝浠ュ強浠栧€戞劅鍒版豢鎰忕殑鏂瑰紡鑰屾皯涓荤⒑瀹氥€?/span>

3.蹇呴爤瓒呰秺鎶婅嚜鐒跺崁濉婂寲锛屽姛鍒╁寲鐨勭窔鎬ц榛烇紝閫欏€嬭榛炴妸鑷劧鐣朵綔涓€鍊嬩汉椤炴搷浣滅殑鐗╃悊骞宠嚭锛屾妸瀹冪暥浣滃€夊韩锛屽緸涓彁鍙栧叾绀炬渻瀛樺湪鐨勭敓鐢㈠繀瑕佺殑璩囨簮锛岄倓鎶婂畠鐣朵綔鍨冨溇鍫村偩鍊掑瀮鍦俱€備竴鏃﹀ぇ鑷劧鏄钩鑷猴紝鍊夊韩锛屽虎鐗╃殑瀹瑰櫒锛屽拰寰楃泭鏂煎お闄借兘鐨勭敓鍛介亷绋嬶紝閭ｉ杭鍦ㄤ笉鏂烽噸绲勭殑鍚屾檪锛岄€欎簺绔粸涔嬮枔鏈冩湁鐗╄唱杩村湀銆傚洜姝わ紝寤㈢墿鍜屽畠鍊戠殑瀛樺劜妯″紡锛屽繀闋堝湪鏁搁噺鍜屽搧璩笂锛屽悓鐢熸厠绯荤当鐨勫洖鏀惰兘鍔涘拰绡€濂忕浉瀹广€傛彌鍙ヨ┍瑾紝鏁撮珨鐨勬甯搁亱浣滀緷璩存柤蹇呴爤寰楀埌淇濊鐨勭敓鐗╁妯ｆ€с€?/span>

4. 鑳芥簮鍜屾墍浣跨敤鐨勮綁鎻涙柟娉曪紝涓嶆槸绀炬渻涓珛鐨勩€傜祼鏋滐紝涓嶈兘鍍忓垪瀵ч偅妯ｏ紝鎶婄ぞ鏈冧富缇╁畾缇╃偤鈥滆槆缍焹鍔犻浕姘ｅ寲銆傗€濊硣鏈富缇╃殑鑳芥簮绯荤当鏄泦涓殑锛岀劇鏀垮簻涓荤京鐨勶紝娴不鐨勶紝鏁堢巼浣庝笅鐨勶紝姝诲嫗鍕曞瘑闆嗗瀷鐨勶紝渚濊炒闈炲啀鐢熻兘婧愮殑锛屼互鍙婇潰鍚戣硣鏈绱殑銆備竴鍊嬪悕鍓叾瀵︾殑绀炬渻涓荤京鏀归€狅紝闇€瑕侀€愭浠ｄ箣浠ュ垎鏁ｇ殑锛屾湁瑷堝妰鐨勶紝绡€鍎夌殑锛岄珮鏁堢殑锛屾椿鍕炲嫊瀵嗛泦鍨嬬殑绯荤当锛屽畬鍏ㄤ緷璩村彲鍐嶇敓鑳芥簮鍜岄潰鍚戣€愮敤鐨勶紝鍙洖鏀剁殑鍜屽彲閲嶈浣跨敤鐨勪娇鐢ㄥ児鍊肩殑鐢熺敘銆傞€欎笉鍍呴棞淇傚埌鐙圭京鐨勮兘婧愮敓鐢紝閭勯棞淇傚埌鏁村€嬪伐妤妲嬶紝杈叉キ锛屼氦閫氾紝濞涙▊锛屽拰鍦熷湴闁嬬櫦鍜岃鍔冦€傞€欑ó妤靛叾娣卞埢鐨勮畩闈╋紝鍙湁鍦ㄤ笘鐣岀瘎鍦嶅収鎵嶈兘瀵︾従銆?/span>

5. 鐢熺敘鐨勭墿璩姏閲忕殑澧為暦锛屼娇閫氬悜绀炬渻涓荤京鐨勯亾璺畩寰楄闆滐紝瑕佽秴瓒婇€欏€嬮杸妾伙紝灏辫鎵瑰垽鎬у湴鐪嬪緟鍕炲嫊鐢熺敘鐜囩殑鎻愰珮銆傚湪涓€浜涢牁鍩燂紝灏婇噸鐢熸厠骞宠　鐨勫弽璩囨湰涓荤京鐨勬浛浠ｆ柟妗堢殑瀵︽柦锛屽繀闋堢敤娲诲嫗鍕曟浛浠ｆ鍕炲嫊銆傞€欓’鐒舵槸杈叉キ鐨勬儏娉侊紝鍏朵腑瓒呮姊板寲杈叉キ缍滃悎浼佹キ绯荤当锛屾槸鎶曞叆鍜屽寲鐭宠兘婧愮殑涓€鍊嬪法澶х殑娑堣不鑰咃紝瀹冨皣璁撲綅绲﹀彟涓€绋搷浣滄ā寮忥紝灏辨槸浜哄姏瀵嗛泦鍨嬫ā寮忋€傞€欎篃閬╃敤鏂艰兘婧愰儴闁€锛屽湪鍙啀鐢熻兘婧愮殑鍩虹涓婄殑鍒嗘暎鎬х敓鐢紝灏囬渶瑕佸ぇ閲忕殑宸ヤ綔锛岀壒鍒ユ槸鍦ㄧ董璀锋柟闈㈢殑宸ヤ綔銆?/span>

     涓€鑸締瑾紝鍦ㄦ墍鏈夌洿鎺ヨ垏鐠板鏈夐棞鐨勯牁鍩熻！锛屾椿鍕炲嫊鐨勬暩閲忓繀闋堝緸鏍规湰涓婃彁楂樸€傝垏鍊嬩汉淇濆仴鍚屾ǎ閲嶈鐨勬槸鏁欒偛鍜屽叾浠栭儴闁€锛岄偅瑁＄殑宸︽淳瑾嶇偤鍏叡灏辨キ鐨勭櫦灞曟槸蹇呭畾鐨勶細浜嬪涓婏紝浜虹殑鏅哄姏鍜屾儏鎰燂紝绲愬悎涓€鍊嬧€滅嵅鍙栫収椤р€濈殑鏂囧寲锛屽皪鏂肩洿鎺ヨ垏鐢熺墿鍦堜簰鍕曟湁闂滅殑浜嬫儏鏄湁蹇呰鐨勩€?/span>

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     涓€鏂归潰锛屾槸鐢熸厠绀炬渻涓荤京锛屽彟涓€鏂归潰锛屾槸闄嶄綆澧為暦鐨勬斂娌荤敓鎱嬶紝鍏╄€呬箣闁撶殑鍒嗙晫绶氾紝鏄皪寰呴殠绱氶鐖殑鎱嬪害銆傛垜鍊戜粛鐒跺爡淇★紝琚墲鍓婅€呴€氶亷闆嗛珨楝ョ埈鍙栧緱缍撻锛岄€欎簺楝ョ埈浠ュ伐璩囷紝灏辨キ鍜屽伐浣滄浠剁殑鎹嶈闁嬪銆傚伐浜虹殑姣忓€嬮鐖紝鐢氳嚦鏄渶鐩存帴鐨勯鐖紝蹇呴爤浜堜互鏀寔锛屽繀闋堣瑕栫偤涓€鍊嬫彁楂樿鎮熺殑姗熸渻锛屾妸瀹冨皫鍚戠ぞ鏈冧富缇╃殑瑕栭噹銆?/span>

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     閭ｉ杭锛岄€欏€嬩换鍕欏灏庣殑鐩锛岃鑳藉瀵﹁唱鎬у湴鎺ㄩ€查珮鍝佽唱鐨勭敓娲讳互褰岃閫欏€嬫悕澶便€傛垜鍊戣獚鐐猴紝鎳夊劒鍏堣拷姹傞€欐ǎ鍏╁€嬬洰妯欙細锛?/span>1锛夊熀鏈晢鍝侊紙姘达紝鑳芥簮锛屾祦鍕曟€э級鐨勫厤璨讳娇鐢紝瑕侀仈鍒扮ぞ鏈冪殑骞冲潎閲忥紙閫欐剰鍛宠憲鍏叡閮ㄩ杸鐨勬摯澶э級锛涳紙2 锛夊伐浣滄檪闁撶殑澶у箙娓涘皯锛?/span>50锛咃級锛屼絾涓嶆笡钖噾锛屾寜姣斾緥闆囩敤宸ヤ汉鍜屾笡绶╁伐浣滅瘈濂忋€?/span>

     棣厠鎬濊锛屾鏍圭祼搴曪紝鎵€鏈夌殑缍撴繜瀛搁兘姝哥祼鐐烘檪闁撶殑缍撴繜銆傜敵鏄庤純灏戠殑鐢熺敘鍜屾秷璨荤殑蹇呰鎬э紝鏄姹傛湁鐢熸椿鐨勬檪闁擄紝瑕佹眰鐢熸椿寰楁洿濂姐€傚畠闁嬪暉涓€鍊嬭警璜栵紝璁撲汉鍊戣◣璜栫ぞ鏈冩檪闁撶殑鎺屾彙锛岃◣璜栦粈楹兼槸蹇呰鐨勶紝灏嶈锛岀偤浠€楹硷紝浠€楹兼ǎ鐨勬暩閲忋€傚畠鏄鍠氶啋鐪句汉灏嶇劇鎴扮埈涓栫晫鐨勯鏈涳紝鍦ㄩ€欏€嬩笘鐣岃！锛屾垜鍊戝伐浣滄檪闁撶煭浜涳紝鎴戝€戞薄鏌撳皯浜涳紝鎴戝€戠櫦灞曠ぞ鏈冮棞淇傦紝鎴戝€戝ぇ骞呮敼鍠勭鍒╋紝鍏叡琛涚敓锛屾暀鑲插拰姘戜富鍙冭垏锛岀瓑绛夈€傚湪閫欏€嬩笘鐣岃！锛岃伅鍚堣捣渚嗙殑鐢熺敘鑰呴噸鏂板缈掑浣曞悓鑷劧闆嗛珨鈥滃皪瑭扁€濄€傞€欏€嬩笘鐣岀殑瀵岃绋嬪害灏囦笉鏈冧綆鏂肩洰鍓嶇殑涓栫晫锛堝儚鍙虫淳鎵€瑾殑閭ｆǎ锛夛紝涔熶笉鏄€滅偤浜嗙禃澶у鏁镐汉鍙ｇ殑瀵岃鈥濓紙鍍忔煇浜涘乏娲炬墍瑾殑閭ｆǎ锛夈€傚畠灏囨槸姹洪潪鐒＄敤鐨勶紝杓冨皯澹撳姏鐨勶紝杓冧笉鎬ヨ揩鐨?/span> 鈥斾竴鍙ヨ┍锛屾洿璞愬瘜鐨勪笘鐣屻€?/span>

 涓瑰凹鐖?#8226;鍧﹀姫娲涳紝鏄稉閬庤獚璀夌殑杈插瀹跺拰鐢熸厠绀炬渻涓荤京鐨勭挵淇濅富缇╄€咃紝鐐衡€滃乏娲锯€濓紙闈╁懡鍏辩敘涓荤京鍚岀洘-绀炬渻涓荤京宸ヤ汉鍏?/span>(LCR-SAP)鐨勬湀鍒婏紝绗洓鍦嬮殯姣斿埄鏅傚垎閮級闆滆獙鎾扮锛屻€?/span>

闄勬敞:

[1]璩堝痉路鎴磋挋锛屽穿娼帮細绀炬渻濡備綍閬告搰澶辨晽鎴栫敓瀛橈紙鍊暒锛氫紒榈濆彚鏇革紝2005骞达級銆傚皪鎴磋挋璜栨枃鐨勬壒瑭曪紝鍙冭鐝凹路浣╃储锛屸€滃緸鐢熸厠婊呯禃绋棌婊呯禃锛氭媺甯曞姫浼婂挤濮︼紝鈥濊兘婧愯垏鐠板锛?/span>16鍗凤紝3-4铏燂紙2005骞达級锛涚壒瑁?/span>L.浜ㄧ壒锛屸€滃弽鎬濆京娲荤瘈宄剁殑鐢熸厠鐏介洠锛屸€濊€冨彜绉戝锛岀34鏈燂紝绗?/span>485-502闋侊紙2007锛夛紱鍜屼腹灏肩埦•鍧﹀姫娲涳紝鈥滈亷鍘诲拰鐝惧湪鐨勭敓鎱嬬伣闆ｏ細寰╂椿绡€宄剁殑铏涘亣姣斿柣锛屸€?/span> 鍏辩敘榛ㄦ壒鍒わ紝绗?/span>185鏈燂紙2007骞?/span>12鏈堬級

[2]绱勭憻澶风唺褰肩壒锛岃硣鏈富缇╋紝绀炬渻涓荤京鑸囨皯涓伙紝绗?/span>3鐗堛€傦紙鍝堢弨闀锋湡鐝句唬缍撳吀锛?/span>2008骞达級銆?/span>

[3]L.鍧＄储鑼诧紙L.Possoz锛夊拰H.绱勭堪棣壒锛?/span>H. Jeanmart锛夛紝鈥滆DLR鍏╅爡鐮旂┒涓殑闆诲姏闇€姹傛儏娉侊細MED-CSP锛堝湴涓捣鍦板崁闆嗕腑澶櫧鑳介浕鍔涳級鍜?/span>TRANS-CSP锛堝湴涓捣鍏ч儴閫ｆ帴鐧煎睍闆嗕腑澶櫧鑳介浕鍔涳級锛屸€?/span>ORMEE鍙?/span>MITEC宸ョ▼椤у晱锛屾瘮鍒╂檪锛岀恫绔?/span>  http://tinyurl.com/65fzvqs 銆?/span>

[4]棣厠鎬濓紝璩囨湰璜栵紝绗竴鍗?/span>. 绗?/span>10绡€銆?/span>

[5] 钂傚路鍌戝厠閬滐紙Tim Jackson锛夛紝鐒″闀风殑绻佹Ξ锛氫竴鍊嬫湁闄愭槦鐞冪殑缍撴繜瀛革紙Earthscan鍑虹増绀撅紝2009骞达級銆?/span>

[6] 涓瑰凹鐖?#8226;鍧﹀姫娲涳紝鈥溿€婄劇澧為暦鐨勭箒姒€嬶細璁撲汉绶婂嫉鐨勮憲浣溾€濄€傦紙鈥?/span>Prospérité sans croissance鈥?/span>: un ouvrage sous tension锛?/span>

[7] 閫欏挨鍏堕仼鐢ㄦ柤闂滄柤鍦嬪収鐢熺敘绺藉€肩殑鏇夸唬鑰呮垨瑁滃厖鎸囨鐨勫缓璀般€傞’鐒讹紝GDP涓︿笉琛￠噺鐠板鍝佽唱锛涢€欐棦涓嶆槸瀹冪殑鐩殑锛屼篃涓嶆槸璩囨湰涓荤京鐨勭洰鐨勩€傚湅鍏х敓鐢㈢附鍊艰　閲忕殑鏄硣鏈绱€傚洜姝わ紝瀹冨畬鍏ㄩ仼鎳夋柤璩囨湰涓荤京銆傝伈绋辨敼璁婅　閲忓伐鍏凤紝灏辫冻浠ユ敼璁婂埗搴︾殑閭忚集锛屽鏋滀笉鏄煡璀樼殑娆鸿锛屽氨鏄槑椤殑鐒＄煡銆?/span>

[8] 鏀垮簻闁撴埃鍊欒畩鍖栧皥闁€濮斿摗鏈冿紙IPCC锛?/span>... 銆?/span>

[9] [-> 鍦嬮殯鑳芥簮姗熸锛?/span>2008骞磋兘婧愭妧琛撳睍鏈?/span> 鈥?鏈濆悜2050骞寸殑鏂规鍜岀瓥鐣ャ€?/span>

[10] 棣厠鎬濓紝璩囨湰璜栵紝鍗?/span>3锛堢磹绱勶細Vintage钁¤悇閰掓浉灞€锛?/span>1981骞达級锛岀959闋併€?/span>

[11]鍒楀锛屽湡鍦板晱椤屽拰鈥滈Μ鍏嬫€濈殑鎵硅瀹垛€濓紝绗洓绔犮€?/span>

[12] 灏煎彜鎷壜峰竷鍝堟灄锛屾鍙插敮鐗╀富缇╋紝涓€鍊嬬ぞ鏈冨绯荤当锛堢磹绱勶紝1965骞达級

[13] 涓瑰凹鐖?#8226;鍧﹀姫娲涳紝鈥滈Μ鍏嬫€濅富缇╋紝鑳芥簮鍜岀敓鎱嬶細鐪熺悊鏅傚埢鈥濓紝璩囨湰涓荤京鎬ц唱鐨勭ぞ鏈冧富缇╋紝2010骞?/span>12鏈堬紝 89-101闋併€?/span>

[14] 涓瑰凹鐖?#8226;鍧﹀姫娲涳紝鈥滄墭娲涜尐鍩虹殑閬虹敘鈥?/span>

[15]鍙冭JB.绂忔柉鐗癸紝棣厠鎬濈殑鐢熸厠瀛革細鍞墿涓荤京鑸囪嚜鐒讹紙绱愮磩锛?/span>2000骞达級銆?/span>

[16] 鍦嬮殯鑳芥簮姗熸IEA锛屽悓鍓嶃€?/span>

[17]娌冪埦澶嫆濮喡峰厠鏃ョ董鐗癸紙Wolfram Krevitt锛夛紝鐑忛煁路鍏嬭棈锛?/span>Uwe Klann锛夛紝鏂壒鍑÷峰厠娲涙矙钁涳紙Stefan Kronshage锛夛紝鑳芥簮闈╁懡銆傜偤姝愭床娓呮綌鑳芥簮鏈締鐨勪竴鍊嬪彲鎸佺簩鐧煎睍鐨勯€斿緫锛堟柉鍦栧姞鐗癸細鎶€琛撶啽鍔涘鑸囩稜鑹插拰骞崇爺绌舵墍锛?/span>2005骞?/span>9鏈堬級銆?/span>

[18]浠ユ柉甯柭风董鐡︽柉鐨勫牨灏庯紝鈥溾€樹笉瑕佸悆涓栫晫鈥欙細鐐哄彟涓€鍊嬫埃鍊欑殑鍙︿竴鍊嬭静妤紝鈥?/span> 涓€绡囨枃绔犵殑娉曟枃璀湰鍦ㄥ姞娉扮緟灏间簽鏃ュ牨鐧艰〃銆?/span>

[19]姝愬凹鏂壒路鏇煎痉鐖撅紝鈥?/span>[->绠＄悊璩囨湰涓荤京鍜岀ぞ鏈冧富缇╀箣闁撶殑閬庢浮绀炬渻鐨勭ぞ鏈冪稉婵熻寰嬬殑鍗佸ぇ鎻愮侗鈥?/span>

[20]涓瑰凹鐖?#8226;鍧﹀姫娲涳紝涓嶅彲鑳界殑缍犺壊璩囨湰涓荤京锛堝反榛庯細鐧肩従锛?/span>2010骞达級

鏈枃璀嚜銆婂湅闅涜榛炪€嬬440鏈燂紝2011骞?/span>9鏈堣櫉銆?/span>